Can A Non Nicotine Vape Help Quit Smoking?

Non-nicotine vapes—also called zero-nicotine e-cigarettes—are electronic devices that produce vapor without nicotine. These devices simulate the experience of smoking or vaping while avoiding nicotine, thus reducing addiction risks.

As of May 2024, the FDA's position on nicotine-free vaporizers is still evolving. While these devices largely eliminate nicotine-related risks, they aren't risk-free. Potential concerns include exposure to harmful substances such as flavoring chemicals and unknown long-term effects on lung health.

This guide explores key aspects of non-nicotine vaporizers, including:

• Common ingredients in non-nicotine e-liquids

• Safety concerns and health risks associated with non-nicotine vaping

• Regulatory actions and quality control measures for non-nicotine vapes

We'll also examine the potential role of non-nicotine vapes in smoking cessation and compare them with other nicotine-free options like behavioral therapies and nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs).

Understanding Non Nicotine Vapes

A non-nicotine vape is an electronic device that uses e-liquids without nicotine—the addictive substance found in tobacco products. These vapes mimic the sensory experience of vaping without the nicotine. They can be considered by former smokers aiming to eliminate nicotine entirely, as well as individuals who enjoy vaping but wish to avoid nicotine addiction risks.

Common Ingredients

Non-nicotine vapes typically use e-liquids containing these core ingredients:

1. Propylene Glycol (PG): A colorless, odorless liquid that carries flavorings. It's common in food, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics, and creates the familiar "throat hit" that simulates traditional smoking sensations.

2. Vegetable Glycerin (VG): A thicker, plant-based liquid that produces vapor. It offers a smoother, slightly sweet experience and contributes to large vapor clouds, especially in higher concentrations.

3. Flavorings: Food-grade additives that provide various flavors, from fruity and sweet to traditional tobacco or menthol options. The safety of inhaling these flavorings is still under study. Some compounds may produce harmful byproducts when heated.

Can A Non Nicotine Vape Help Quit Smoking?

A key advantage of non-nicotine vapes is the absence of nicotine, a highly addictive substance. Nicotine addiction leads to dependency and is linked to health issues such as elevated blood pressure and increased heart rate. By eliminating nicotine, users avoid these addictive properties, making it easier to break dependency and sidestep withdrawal symptoms typically associated with nicotine use.

As of May 2024, the FDA has not approved any e-cigarette or nicotine vaporizer as a smoking cessation device. While nicotine vaporizers may provide immediate relief from cravings and simulate the sensory experience of smoking—including the hand-to-mouth motion—their overall effectiveness in helping individuals quit smoking entirely remains uncertain.

Switching to a non-nicotine vape could be part of a strategy to reduce nicotine intake gradually. This step-down approach may help users manage both physical and psychological dependencies, especially when combined with behavioral support. A 2023 Cochrane review suggests that e-cigarettes, in general, may help some adults transition away from traditional cigarettes. However, to be effective, users must switch entirely to vaping and stop using tobacco products altogether.

When it comes to non-nicotine vapes specifically, their role in smoking cessation remains debatable. NIH research indicates that individuals who vaped non-nicotine products were no more likely to quit smoking than those who did not vape.

How to Switch to a Non Nicotine Vape

Transitioning from a nicotine vape to a non-nicotine vape could reduce nicotine dependence. Many users prefer a gradual approach, lowering the nicotine concentration in their vape liquid step by step. This method allows the body to adjust, potentially easing withdrawal symptoms.

1. Step-Down Approach: Begin by incrementally reducing the nicotine level in your vape liquid. For instance, if you're currently using 12 mg/mL nicotine, you might switch to 6 mg/mL, then drop to 3 mg/mL over time.

2. Move to Non-Nicotine Vapes: Once you're comfortable with a low nicotine concentration, switching to a non-nicotine vape can help maintain the vaping routine without the addictive substance.

3. Get Support: Consider using behavioral tools like counseling or a support group to manage the psychological aspects of nicotine dependence as you reduce your intake.

Managing Nicotine Withdrawal

Transitioning to a non-nicotine vape may trigger withdrawal symptoms, especially for those accustomed to high nicotine concentrations. Common effects include irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and intense cravings.

Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) products like patches or gum can ease withdrawal symptoms. Healthy distractions—such as exercise, mindfulness, or hobbies—can shift your focus away from cravings and lower stress. Moreover, seeking guidance from a healthcare provider offers tailored advice and support, boosting your chances of successfully breaking free from nicotine dependence.

Are Non Nicotine Vapes Safer?

Health Risks Associated with Non-Nicotine Vapes

While non-nicotine vapes eliminate nicotine exposure and its associated health risks, they are not entirely safe. These devices can still release harmful particles during use, including ultrafine particles, volatile organic compounds, and flavoring chemicals such as diacetyl. Inhaling these substances may lead to respiratory problems, with diacetyl being linked to "popcorn lung," a severe respiratory condition.

Contrary to common belief, "non-nicotine" doesn't mean risk-free. A 2019 study from The Kids Research Institute found that 60% of nicotine-free e-liquids contained measurable nicotine levels, some comparable to low-dose nicotine products. Additionally, poorly regulated products may be contaminated with other harmful substances. The long-term effects of using these products remain uncertain.

Chemical Exposure from Ingredients

Non-nicotine vapes often contain chemicals such as propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, and various flavoring agents. A 2023 Harvard University report indicates that some of these flavorings can harm lung tissue. Diacetyl, used to create buttery flavors, has been linked to "popcorn lung" (bronchiolitis obliterans)—a condition that scars and narrows the airways. When heated during vaping, other flavoring chemicals can release harmful byproducts that may cause lung inflammation and even damage DNA in lung cells.

Possible Respiratory Issues

Using a non-nicotine vape doesn't guarantee freedom from respiratory risks. The chemicals in these devices' aerosols can irritate the lungs and cause respiratory problems. Research has shown that chronic use of e-cigarettes, even those without nicotine, can lead to airway obstruction, asthma-like symptoms, and in severe cases, conditions like constrictive bronchiolitis. These findings suggest that long-term vaping could result in lasting lung damage.

Lack of Long-Term Research

There is limited research on the long-term safety of inhaling the various chemicals in non-nicotine vape liquids. Since vaping has only recently become widespread, the potential long-term health consequences remain uncertain. This lack of data raises the possibility that future health risks may emerge as we learn more about the effects of prolonged exposure.

Comparing Non-Nicotine Vapes to Traditional Vapes

Traditional vapes containing nicotine pose significant health risks, primarily addiction and cardiovascular issues. Nicotine's highly addictive nature can increase heart rate, elevate blood pressure, and cause other heart-related problems. It's particularly hazardous for adolescents and young adults, potentially disrupting brain development and heightening the risk of future substance abuse.

Non-nicotine vapes provide an alternative for those who've quit nicotine but still crave the physical act of vaping—such as the hand-to-mouth motion, inhaling and exhaling vapor, or enjoying various flavors. These devices can serve as a stepping stone for some individuals on their journey to quit nicotine entirely, helping break the habit without exposing them to addictive substances.

Regulatory and Safety Considerations

The regulation of non-nicotine vapes varies widely, with these products often subject to less oversight than their nicotine-containing counterparts. In the U.S., e-cigarette manufacturers must obtain FDA authorization to market their products, but not all undergo rigorous safety testing. A case in point: in 2022, the FDA temporarily banned JUUL products due to insufficient toxicological evidence, underscoring concerns about product safety.

To mitigate risks, consumers should opt for non-nicotine vapes from reputable brands that provide transparent ingredient information. It's vital to steer clear of unregulated or homemade vape liquids, which may harbor unknown or harmful substances. Notably, purchasing e-liquids from unverified sources or those modified with additives like THC or vitamins has been associated with severe lung injuries.

Alternatives to Non-Nicotine Vapes

As of April 2024, the FDA has endorsed seven smoking cessation aids, including five nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs). These NRTs encompass nicotine patches, lozenges, gum, inhalers, and nasal sprays. Additionally, prescription medications such as varenicline and bupropion SR are available. The FDA enforces rigorous standards to ensure these products' safety and efficacy for smoking cessation.

Nicotine Patch

The nicotine patch, a widely used form of nicotine replacement therapy, is available over-the-counter. It delivers a controlled, steady dose of nicotine through the skin throughout the day, offering a convenient way to manage withdrawal symptoms.

Patches come in various strengths, typically 7 mg to 21 mg, tailored to your previous smoking habits. Applied to the skin and changed daily, the patch is usually worn for eight to twelve weeks. Users gradually reduce their dosage over time. While effective, some may experience side effects such as skin irritation, vivid dreams, or sleep disturbances.

The patch excels at maintaining consistent nicotine levels, but it's not suitable for everyone. Those with certain skin conditions or adhesive allergies should avoid it. Remember: never apply the patch to broken or irritated skin.

Nicotine Gum

Nicotine gum, another over-the-counter option, comes in 2 mg and 4 mg dosages. Used as needed to control cravings, it's a readily accessible solution. For maximum effectiveness, avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes before or during use.

Typically, people use nicotine gum for six to twelve weeks, though some may continue longer. Be aware of potential side effects such as throat irritation, mouth sores, and jaw discomfort.

Nicotine Inhaler

The nicotine inhaler, available by prescription, delivers nicotine through inhalation. It mimics the hand-to-mouth action of smoking, appealing to those who miss this physical aspect. However, it's often pricier than other NRT options.

Daily dosage ranges from four to 20 cartridges, with use typically limited to six months. Keep it away from children and pets due to its nicotine content. Users may experience throat irritation, coughing, or upset stomach.

Nicotine Spray

For those seeking a fast-acting form of NRT, nicotine nasal spray is an option. A single dose consists of two sprays, with users typically starting at up to eight doses daily, not exceeding 40 doses in 24 hours.

This prescribed spray is used for three to six months and is the fastest-acting NRT form. Side effects include nasal irritation, watery eyes, and throat discomfort. Keep the spray away from children and pets due to potential risks.

Nicotine Lozenge

The nicotine lozenge, similar to nicotine gum, is an over-the-counter option for curbing cravings. Available in 2 mg and 4 mg dosages, these lozenges dissolve slowly in the mouth, releasing nicotine over 20 to 30 minutes. Users typically consume them as needed when the urge to smoke arises.

Nicotine lozenges are generally recommended for up to 12 weeks, with users gradually decreasing their consumption over time. For optimal absorption, avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes before and during use.

While side effects may include mouth irritation, hiccups, and heartburn, these usually subside as the body adapts to the treatment. Lozenges are particularly beneficial for those needing a discreet and portable method to manage cravings throughout the day.

Combining NRT Options (Combination Therapy)

Some individuals may benefit from combining multiple NRTs. The CDC recommends pairing a long-acting NRT, such as a nicotine patch, with a short-acting NRT like nicotine gum, lozenges, or sprays. This approach helps maintain steady nicotine levels to prevent withdrawal while providing quick relief for sudden cravings.

Using a combination of therapies can boost the likelihood of successfully quitting smoking. The continuous support from the patch, for example, coupled with the on-demand control offered by fast-acting NRTs, provides a comprehensive strategy for managing nicotine dependence.

Summary

Non-nicotine vapes, also called zero-nicotine e-cigarettes, are devices that mimic smoking or vaping without delivering nicotine. They use ingredients like propylene glycol (PG), vegetable glycerin (VG), and food-grade flavorings to produce vapor and flavor, eliminating nicotine's addictive properties. These products appeal to former smokers aiming to quit nicotine entirely and to those who enjoy vaping but want to avoid nicotine's stimulant effects.

While non-nicotine vapes eliminate the risk of nicotine addiction, they aren't risk-free. Inhaling vaporized flavorings and additives can cause respiratory issues. Some compounds—like diacetyl—may lead to long-term lung damage, including conditions such as "popcorn lung." Moreover, due to limited research, the long-term health effects of these products remain unclear.

Though non-nicotine vapes might help reduce nicotine dependency as part of a gradual quitting plan, they aren't approved smoking cessation aids. Their effectiveness in helping people quit smoking is still uncertain. Users should be cautious, understand the potential health risks, and opt for high-quality, regulated products when making decisions about vaping.

Resources to Quit Smoking

• Smokefree.gov - Provides tools, tips, and support that can help you quit smoking.

• Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Quit Smoking - Offers resources on how to quit smoking, including tips on quitting, benefits of quitting, and quit plans.

• American Cancer Society - How to Quit Using Tobacco - Provides detailed information on why to quit, how to quit, and dealing with the emotional and physical aspects of quitting.

• Mayo Clinic - Quit Smoking - Features articles, tools, and tips on quitting smoking and overcoming addiction.

• Truth Initiative - Provides innovative tools and resources for young people, including a text-to-quit program.

Glossary

• E-Liquid (Vape Juice): A liquid solution used in vaping devices that vaporizes to produce inhalable aerosols, typically containing propylene glycol, vegetable glycerin, flavorings, and sometimes nicotine.

• Propylene Glycol (PG): A colorless, odorless liquid used in e-liquids to carry flavorings and provide a throat hit similar to smoking. It's also found in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.

• Vegetable Glycerin (VG): A thick, sweet-tasting liquid derived from plant oils, used in e-liquids to produce dense vapor clouds. It's common in food and personal care products.

• Diacetyl: A flavoring chemical used to impart buttery flavors in foods and e-liquids. Its inhalation has been linked to respiratory diseases like bronchiolitis obliterans ("popcorn lung").

• Popcorn Lung (Bronchiolitis Obliterans): A serious, irreversible lung disease characterized by scarring and narrowing of the small airways, leading to coughing and shortness of breath.

• Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): Medical treatments that provide low doses of nicotine without tobacco to help people quit smoking, including patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays.

• Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs): Organic chemicals that easily become vapors or gases. Some may be harmful when inhaled and are found in e-cigarette aerosols.

• Ultrafine Particles: Tiny particles less than 100 nanometers in diameter that can penetrate deep into the lungs and enter the bloodstream, potentially causing health issues.

• THC (Tetrahydrocannabinol): The primary psychoactive compound found in cannabis. It's sometimes added illegally to vaping products, which can pose additional health risks.

• Constrictive Bronchiolitis: A rare lung disease involving inflammation and scarring of the small airways, leading to coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.