What is Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?
This guide delves into Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), explaining how it can help individuals quit smoking by providing controlled doses of nicotine through various methods such as patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays. It also covers the benefits, types, usage guidelines, and evidence supporting NRT’s effectiveness.
Key Takeaways
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) helps individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
FDA-approved NRT methods include patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays.
Using NRT increases the likelihood of quitting smoking successfully, providing a safe way to reduce nicotine dependence gradually.
Combining different NRTs, like using a nicotine patch with gum or lozenges, can enhance effectiveness by providing both steady and immediate nicotine relief.
Bupropion and varenicline are FDA-approved medications that help reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and cravings, offering additional support for quitting smoking.
Selecting the appropriate NRT depends on smoking habits, with options tailored for light, average, and heavy smokers to match their nicotine intake needs.
Smoking while using NRT is generally not recommended due to the risk of nicotine overdose.
It’s important to consult healthcare professionals before starting NRT to determine the best type and dosage and monitor for potential side effects.
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is an FDA-approved method designed to help individuals quit smoking.
NRT helps quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine without the harmful chemicals found in tobacco. It aims to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with nicotine dependence, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful smoking cessation.
Understanding NRT involves examining the various forms it takes, such as nicotine patches, nicotine gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays, each of which can serve different purposes, and come with unique advantages and disadvantages. This guide covers the essential aspects of NRT, including:
How NRT works to manage nicotine dependence
The different types of NRT and their usage guidelines
The benefits and potential drawbacks of using NRTs
Evidence supporting the effectiveness of NRT in smoking cessation
Considerations and precautions when using NRTs
In this guide, we will also explore other smoking cessation aids, such as bupropion and varenicline, and discuss how to choose the right NRT depending on your individual needs.
What is Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT)?
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is an FDA-approved method designed to help individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine without the harmful chemicals found in tobacco. The primary purpose of NRT is to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings associated with nicotine dependence, thereby increasing the likelihood of successful smoking cessation.
NRT was developed in response to the growing awareness of the health risks associated with smoking and the need for effective cessation aids. The concept of NRT emerged when scientists recognized that nicotine, while addictive, was less harmful than the tar and carcinogens produced by burning tobacco. The first NRT product, nicotine gum, was introduced in the early 1980s. Since then, various forms of NRT, including patches, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays, have been developed to cater to different preferences and needs.
How Does Nicotine Replacement Therapy Work?
NRT works by delivering a controlled dose of nicotine to the body. This controlled release mechanism allows individuals to gradually decrease their dependence on nicotine without experiencing the intense urges that often accompany smoking cessation.
By providing a steadier dose of nicotine compared to cigarettes, NRT helps to ease the physical and psychological symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal. These symptoms can include irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and increased appetite. NRT’s role in alleviating these symptoms is important for individuals attempting to quit smoking, as it helps to maintain a sense of normalcy and reduces the likelihood of relapse. By reducing the intensity of withdrawal symptoms, NRT allows individuals to focus on breaking the behavioral and social habits associated with smoking.
Biological and Psychological Aspects of Nicotine Dependence
Nicotine dependence is both a biological and psychological condition. Biologically, nicotine affects the brain’s reward system by increasing levels of dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with pleasure and reinforcement. When nicotine intake is abruptly stopped, dopamine levels drop, leading to withdrawal symptoms.
NRTs provide a slower and more controlled absorption of nicotine compared to smoking, which result in a more stable nicotine level in the bloodstream. This helps to reduce the peaks and troughs of nicotine levels that are characteristic of smoking and contribute to cravings. The consistent delivery of nicotine through NRT products helps to minimize these fluctuations, making the quitting process more manageable.
Psychologically, NRT helps to break the habitual behavior of smoking by providing an alternative source of nicotine. This decoupling of nicotine intake from the act of smoking can help individuals address the behavioral and social aspects of their addiction, making it easier to transition to a smoke-free life. For example, smokers often associate smoking with certain activities or times of day, such as having a cigarette with a morning coffee or during breaks at work. NRT can help to disrupt these associations, making it easier for individuals to transition to a smoke-free life.
Why Use Nicotine Replacement Therapy?
Benefits of NRT in Smoking Cessation
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) offers several benefits for individuals seeking to quit smoking. According to the American Cancer Society, smokers using NRT are nearly double as likely to succeed compared to those who attempt to quit without any aids as of June 2024. By providing a controlled and safer way to decrease nicotine dependence, NRT allows smokers to gradually wean off their addiction. This gradual reduction approach helps to minimize withdrawal symptoms and cravings, making the quitting process more manageable and reducing the high relapse rates associated with abrupt cessation.
Numerous studies and clinical trials support the efficacy of NRT in smoking cessation. As of 2018, individuals using NRT are approximately 50-60% more likely to quit smoking successfully compared to those using placebo or no treatment at all. For example, a 2018 meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found that the use of NRT significantly increased the likelihood of long-term abstinence from smoking.
NRT vs Other Smoking Cessation Methods
Behavioral Therapies: While behavioral therapies such as counseling and support groups are effective in addressing the psychological aspects of smoking addiction, they do not directly tackle the physical dependence on nicotine. Combining nicotine replacement therapy with behavioral counseling, however, increases quit rates by up to 60% compared to NRT alone, according to a May 2018 study.
Medications: Prescription medications such as varenicline and bupropion are also effective smoking cessation aids. However, these medications can have side effects and are not suitable for everyone. NRT, with its various forms and over-the-counter availability, offers a more accessible and generally well-tolerated alternative.
Electronic Cigarettes (E-Cigarettes): E-cigarettes have gained popularity as a smoking cessation aid, but their long-term safety and efficacy are still under investigation. As of June 2024, e-cigarettes/vapes are not approved for smoking cessation by the FDA.
Types of Nicotine Replacement Therapy
The FDA has approved several types of Nicotine Replacement Therapies (NRT), each offering a unique method of nicotine delivery to suit different preferences and needs. Here is an overview of the main types of NRT, how to obtain them, and how to use them:
| NRT Type | Availability | How To Use |
|---|---|---|
| Patch | Over the Counter | Place on the skin. Gives a small and steady amount of nicotine throughout the day. Apply to a clean, dry, and hairless area of the skin, typically on the upper body or upper outer arm. Patches are usually worn for 16 to 24 hours and replaced daily. |
| Gum | Over the Counter | Chew to release nicotine. Chew until you get a tingling feeling, then place between cheek and gums. Repeat this process until the tingling sensation fades. Avoid eating or drinking 15 minutes before and while using the gum. |
| Lozenge | Over the Counter | Place in the mouth like hard candy. The lozenge releases nicotine as it slowly dissolves in the mouth. Move the lozenge from one side of the mouth to the other periodically until fully dissolved. Do not chew or swallow the lozenge. |
| Inhaler | Prescription | Cartridge attached to a mouthpiece. Inhaling through the mouthpiece gives a specific amount of nicotine. Use the inhaler as directed, typically puffing on the mouthpiece for a certain number of puffs over a set duration. Each cartridge provides a specific dose of nicotine. |
| Nasal Spray | Prescription | Pump bottle containing nicotine. Put into the nose and spray. Use the nasal spray as directed, typically one spray in each nostril. The spray delivers a quick dose of nicotine through the nasal mucosa. Avoid sniffing, swallowing, or inhaling while administering the spray. |
Nicotine Patches
Nicotine patches are transdermal patches applied to the skin, releasing nicotine slowly over a period of time. The nicotine is absorbed through the skin and into the bloodstream, providing a steady, controlled dose. This steady release helps to prevent the peaks and troughs of nicotine levels that are typical with smoking, making it easier to manage cravings throughout the day.
How to use Nicotine Patches
Choose a Clean, Dry Area: Apply the patch to a clean, dry, and hairless part of your body, typically on the upper arm or torso. Rotate the application site to avoid skin irritation.
Apply the Patch: Peel off the protective backing and press the patch firmly onto the skin. Hold it in place for about 10 seconds to ensure it sticks well.
Wear the Patch: Most nicotine patches are designed to be worn for 16 to 24 hours, depending on the specific product. Some people prefer to remove the patch before bed if they experience sleep disturbances.
Dispose of Properly: After removing the patch, fold it in half with the sticky sides together and dispose of it safely away from children and pets.
Nicotine patches offer a practical and effective method for quitting smoking, but like any treatment, they have their advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of Nicotine Patches:
Ease of Use: Nicotine patches are simple to use and require only one application per day.
Steady Nicotine Levels: They provide a consistent dose of nicotine, which helps to minimize withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Discreet: Patches are discreet and can be worn under clothing without being noticeable.
Reduced Smoking Cues: Using patches helps break the habit of hand-to-mouth activity associated with smoking.
Disadvantages of Nicotine Patches:
Skin Irritation: Some users may experience skin irritation at the site of application. Rotating the site daily can help minimize this.
Sleep Disturbances: Nicotine can potentially cause vivid dreams or sleep disturbances. Removing the patch before bed can help alleviate this issue.
Slower Nicotine Delivery: Patches deliver nicotine more slowly than smoking or other forms of NRT, which might not satisfy intense cravings as quickly.
Nicotine patches are a proven aid in smoking cessation, nearly doubling — as of June 2024 — the chances of quitting successfully when used correctly and combined with other support methods like counseling or quit programs.
Nicotine Gum
Nicotine gum is a fast-acting form of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) that helps individuals quit smoking by delivering nicotine through the mucous membranes in the mouth. When chewed, the gum releases nicotine, which is absorbed into the bloodstream.
To use nicotine gum correctly, follow these steps:
Choose the Correct Dose: Nicotine gum comes in 2 mg and 4 mg strengths. The higher dose is typically recommended for individuals who smoke 25 or more cigarettes per day, smoke within 30 minutes of waking up, or have trouble not smoking in restricted areas.
Chew Slowly: Chew the gum slowly until you get a peppery taste or a tingling sensation.
“Park” the Gum: Once you feel the tingling, place the gum between your cheek and gums until the taste fades.
Repeat: Chew again until the tingling returns, then park the gum again. Continue this process for about 20 to 30 minutes.
Avoid Food and Drinks: Do not eat or drink 15 minutes before or while using the gum, as food and beverages can interfere with nicotine absorption.
Like nicotine patches, nicotine gum also comes with advantages and disadvantages.
Advantages of Nicotine Gum:
Control Over Nicotine Intake: Nicotine gum allows users to control their nicotine intake, which can be helpful in managing cravings.
Flexibility: The gum can be used as needed or on a fixed schedule throughout the day.
Immediate Relief: It provides quicker relief from cravings compared to other NRT forms like patches.
Disadvantages of Nicotine Gum:
Taste and Texture: Some users find the taste unpleasant or the gum difficult to chew.
Oral Irritation: It can cause throat irritation, mouth sores, and hiccups.
Jaw Discomfort: Improper use, such as chewing too quickly, can cause jaw discomfort or stomach issues.
Damage to Dental Work: The gum can stick to and damage dentures and other dental work.
Common side effects of nicotine gum include bad taste, throat irritation, mouth sores, hiccups, nausea, jaw discomfort, and a racing heartbeat. These side effects are often a result of improper use, such as swallowing nicotine or chewing too fast. If you experience severe side effects like a racing heart or irregular heartbeat, stop using the gum and consult a healthcare provider.
Nicotine Lozenges
Nicotine lozenges are a form of NRT that helps individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine that is absorbed through the lining of the mouth.
Dosage: Nicotine lozenges are available in 2mg and 4mg strengths. The appropriate dose depends on how soon after waking you smoke your first cigarette. If you smoke within 30 minutes of waking, the 4 mg dose is recommended. Otherwise, the 2 mg dose is suitable.
Method of Use: Place the lozenge in your mouth and allow it to dissolve slowly. Do not chew or swallow the lozenge. Occasionally move it from one side of your mouth to the other until it completely dissolves, which usually takes 20-30 minutes.
Frequency: Follow the instructions on the package regarding the frequency of use. Generally, it is recommended to use one lozenge every 1-2 hours during the first six weeks, gradually reducing the frequency over the following weeks.
Advantages of Nicotine Lozenges:
Convenience: Lozenges are discreet and can be used anytime and anywhere without drawing attention.
Control Over Cravings: They provide quick relief from cravings by releasing nicotine gradually as they dissolve.
Flexible Dosing: Lozenges allow for flexible dosing based on individual needs and cravings.
Disadvantages of Nicotine Lozenges:
Taste: Some users find the taste unpleasant or medicinal.
Potential for Overuse: There is a risk of overusing lozenges, leading to higher nicotine intake than intended.
Oral Health: Extended use may cause issues like mouth irritation or dental problems.
Common side effects of nicotine lozenges include mouth irritation, sore throat, hiccups, heartburn, and nausea. To mitigate these effects:
Mouth Irritation: Move the lozenge around in your mouth to prevent localized irritation.
Heartburn and Nausea: Avoid eating or drinking for 15 minutes before and during use to enhance nicotine absorption and reduce gastrointestinal discomfort.
Hiccups: Ensure you do not chew or swallow the lozenge, as this can lead to hiccups.
Nicotine Inhalers
Nicotine inhalers provide nicotine through buccal absorption. When you inhale through the mouthpiece, nicotine vapor is released and absorbed through the lining of your mouth and throat. This nicotine then enters the bloodstream to alleviate withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
How to Use Nicotine Inhalers
Assembly: Insert the nicotine cartridge into the mouthpiece as per the instructions.
Inhalation: Inhale through the mouthpiece. Each cartridge typically provides about 20 minutes of active puffing. Take shallow puffs rather than deep inhalations, as the nicotine is absorbed through the mouth's mucous membranes rather than the lungs.
Frequency: Follow the recommended dosage, usually starting with frequent use (e.g., up to 16 cartridges per day) and gradually reducing over time.
Advantages of Nicotine Inhalers
Quick Relief: Inhalers provide fast relief from cravings due to the rapid absorption of nicotine.
Behavioral Support: The inhaler mimics the hand-to-mouth action of smoking, which can be psychologically comforting for many users.
Flexible Dosing: Inhalers allow for controlled and flexible dosing throughout the day.
Disadvantages of Nicotine Inhalers
Taste and Throat Irritation: Some users may experience irritation in the throat or find the taste unpleasant.
Dependency Risk: There is a potential for continued nicotine dependence if not used as part of a comprehensive quit plan.
Cost: Nicotine inhalers can be more expensive than other forms of NRT.
Combination Therapy
Combination therapy in smoking cessation involves the simultaneous use of different forms of Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) to enhance their effectiveness. The primary purpose of combination therapy is to provide a more comprehensive approach to managing nicotine withdrawal symptoms and cravings, increasing the likelihood of successful smoking cessation.
Combination therapy typically involves using a "long-acting" NRT, such as the nicotine patch, in conjunction with a "short-acting" NRT, such as nicotine gum, lozenges, sprays, or inhalers. The long-acting NRT delivers a steady level of nicotine throughout the day, which helps manage baseline withdrawal symptoms. In contrast, the short-acting NRT provides quick relief for sudden cravings, allowing for flexible nicotine dosing tailored to individual needs.
Combining different forms of NRT offers several advantages:
Enhanced Efficacy: Studies have shown that combination therapy can be more effective than using a single form of NRT. This approach addresses both the constant need for nicotine (managed by the patch) and sudden cravings (managed by gum, lozenges, or inhalers).
Personalized Treatment: Combination therapy allows for a more personalized approach to quitting smoking. By using both long-acting and short-acting NRTs, individuals can better manage their nicotine intake based on their specific withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Improved Withdrawal Management: The steady nicotine level from the patch helps manage overall withdrawal symptoms, while the short-acting NRT provides immediate relief, reducing the need for higher doses of either form.
NRT Combination Therapy: Guidelines and Best Practices
Effective combination therapy requires understanding how to properly use and combine different NRTs:
Start with a Patch: Use a nicotine patch to provide a consistent level of nicotine throughout the day. Follow the recommended dosages based on your smoking habits and gradually reduce the dose over time.
Add Short-Acting NRT: Supplement the patch with a short-acting NRT, such as nicotine gum or lozenges, to manage sudden cravings. Use these as needed, but avoid exceeding the recommended maximum daily dosage.
Monitor and Adjust: Regularly assess your symptoms and adjust the dosages as necessary. Consulting with a healthcare provider can help tailor the therapy to your specific needs and ensure optimal results.
Combine with Behavioral Support: For the best results, combine combination therapy with behavioral support programs, such as counseling or support groups, to address the psychological aspects of nicotine addiction
Other Quit Smoking Medication
In addition to Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT), there are two primary drugs approved by the FDA to help individuals quit smoking: bupropion and varenicline.
Bupropion: Bupropion is an antidepressant that also helps reduce the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal and the urge to smoke. It works by influencing the neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine, which play a role in nicotine addiction.
Dosage and Use: Typically, bupropion is started one to two weeks before the quit date. The usual starting dose is 150mg once daily for three days, then increased to 150mg twice daily.
Possible Side Effects: Common side effects include insomnia, dry mouth, and dizziness. Some users may also experience mood changes, increased blood pressure, and, in rare cases, seizures. Individuals with a history of seizures, eating disorders, or heavy alcohol use should use bupropion with caution.
Varenicline: Varenicline works by targeting the nicotine receptors in the brain, reducing both the pleasure derived from smoking and the symptoms of withdrawal. It partially stimulates these receptors while also blocking nicotine from binding to them.
Dosage and Use: Varenicline is usually started one week before the quit date. The standard regimen begins with 0.5mg once daily for the first three days, then 0.5mg twice daily for the next four days, followed by 1mg twice daily for the remainder of the treatment.
Possible Side Effects: Common side effects include nausea, vivid dreams, insomnia, and headaches. There have also been reports of changes in mood and behavior, depression, and suicidal thoughts, particularly in individuals with a history of mental health issues. It’s important to monitor for these symptoms and report any concerns to a healthcare provider.
Choosing the Right Nicotine Replacement Therapy for You
Selecting the appropriate nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is an important step in your journey to quit smoking. There are various forms of NRT available, and choosing the right one depends on your smoking habits, lifestyle, and personal preferences.
Most recommendations for nicotine replacement therapy are based on how much you smoke:
Light Smoking: Fewer than 10 cigarettes per day.
Average Smoking: Between 10 and 20 cigarettes per day.
Heavy Smoking: A pack a day or more.
These categories help determine the appropriate NRT dosage and type that will best support your quitting process.
How Do I Know What NRT Dose to Use Based on My Tobacco Use?
The dose of NRT you should use is typically based on your smoking intensity. For example, nicotine gum and lozenges come in 2 mg and 4 mg strengths. If you smoke within 30 minutes of waking up, a higher dose (4 mg) is generally recommended. For those who smoke their first cigarette more than 30 minutes after waking, the 2 mg dose may be sufficient. The goal is to match the nicotine dose from NRT to the amount you would normally get from smoking, to avoid withdrawal symptoms.
High-Dose Nicotine Replacement Therapy
For heavy smokers, a combination of high-dose NRT products may be necessary. This often involves using a long-acting NRT like the nicotine patch, which provides a steady dose of nicotine throughout the day, along with a short-acting NRT like gum, lozenges, or inhalers for sudden cravings. This combination can help manage baseline withdrawal symptoms while addressing immediate cravings more effectively.
Can E-Cigarettes or Vapes Be Used to Quit Smoking? (In the US)
As of June 2024, e-cigarettes and vapes are not approved by the FDA as smoking cessation aids. While some people use them in an attempt to quit smoking, there is insufficient evidence to support their effectiveness for this purpose. Moreover, the use of e-cigarettes still exposes users to nicotine and other potentially harmful substances. Therefore, traditional NRT methods and other approved cessation aids are recommended over e-cigarettes.
Considerations and Precautions for NRTs
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is generally recommended for adults who are significantly dependent on nicotine and are looking to quit smoking. Signs of severe nicotine dependence include smoking more than a pack a day, smoking within five minutes of waking up, and smoking even when sick. However, NRT is not suitable for everyone. Pregnant women, teens, and individuals with certain medical conditions should consult a healthcare provider before starting NRT.
Should I consult a healthcare professional before starting NRT?
Yes. Before starting NRT, it’s recommended you discuss your smoking habits and medical history with a healthcare professional. They can help determine the most appropriate type and dosage of NRT for your specific needs and monitor for potential side effects. Common side effects of NRT include skin irritation from patches, throat or mouth irritation from nicotine gum and lozenges, and nasal or throat irritation from nasal sprays. Managing these side effects often involves adjusting the dosage or switching to a different form of NRT, which a healthcare professional can help with.
Can I Smoke While on NRT?
It is generally not recommended to smoke while using NRT, as this can lead to nicotine overdose. Symptoms of nicotine overdose include nausea, dizziness, and an increased heart rate. If you are still smoking while using NRT, consult a healthcare provider to adjust your treatment plan.
Does Nicotine Cause Cancer?
Nicotine itself is not known to cause cancer as of 2024. However, the tobacco smoke that contains nicotine is a major cause of cancer. NRT provides nicotine without the harmful chemicals found in tobacco smoke, making it a safer alternative for those trying to quit smoking.
Stopping Nicotine Replacement Therapy
NRT is intended to be used for a limited time to help manage withdrawal symptoms while you adjust to life without tobacco. The duration of NRT use varies, but it is generally recommended to use it for 8-12 weeks. Gradually reducing the dosage over time can help prevent withdrawal symptoms. If you have difficulty stopping NRT, consult your healthcare provider for additional support and guidance.
Long-Term Nicotine Replacement Therapy Dependence
While NRT is not typically recommended for long-term use, some individuals may find it challenging to stop. Continuing to use NRT is preferable to a return to smoking, but it is important to work towards eventually discontinuing its use. Healthcare providers can offer strategies and support to help you reduce and eventually stop using NRT.
Conclusion
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT) is a method designed to help individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine without the harmful chemicals found in tobacco. NRT alleviates withdrawal symptoms and cravings, making the quitting process more manageable. It functions by delivering nicotine through various methods such as patches, gum, lozenges, inhalers, and nasal sprays.
Different types of NRT are available to suit individual needs. These forms offer unique benefits and methods of application. Combination therapy, which involves using both long-acting and short-acting NRTs, can enhance the effectiveness of quitting by providing simultaneous steady and immediate nicotine relief.
Two FDA-approved medications — bupropion and varenicline — also aid in smoking cessation by reducing withdrawal symptoms and cravings. Choosing the appropriate NRT depends on your smoking habits. It is important to consult healthcare professionals to determine the best type and dosage while monitoring for potential side effects. Smoking while using NRT is generally not recommended due to the risk of nicotine overdose.
NRT is intended for short-term use to manage withdrawal symptoms, but some individuals may need longer support. Continuous use of NRT is preferable to returning to smoking. Gradual reduction is recommended to eventually discontinue the use of NRT.
Resources to Quit Smoking
Smokefree.gov - Provides tools, tips, and support that can help you quit smoking.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) - Quit Smoking - Offers resources on how to quit smoking, including tips on quitting, benefits of quitting, and quit plans.
American Cancer Society - How to Quit Using Tobacco - Provides detailed information on why to quit, how to quit, and dealing with the emotional and physical aspects of quitting.
Mayo Clinic - Quit Smoking - Features articles, tools, and tips on quitting smoking and overcoming addiction.
Truth Initiative - Provides innovative tools and resources for young people, including a text-to-quit program.
Glossary
Nicotine Replacement Therapy (NRT): A method designed to help individuals quit smoking by providing a controlled dose of nicotine without the harmful chemicals found in tobacco.
Nicotine Patch: A transdermal patch applied to the skin that releases nicotine slowly over a period of time to help reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Nicotine Gum: Chewing gum that releases nicotine into the bloodstream through the lining of the mouth, providing quick relief from cravings.
Nicotine Lozenge: A dissolvable lozenge that releases nicotine as it dissolves in the mouth, used to reduce withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Nicotine Inhaler: A device that delivers nicotine vapor for absorption through the mouth and throat, mimicking the hand-to-mouth action of smoking.
Nicotine Nasal Spray: A pump bottle that delivers nicotine directly into the nasal passages for rapid absorption.
Bupropion: An antidepressant medication that helps reduce nicotine withdrawal symptoms and the urge to smoke.
Varenicline: A prescription medication that reduces the pleasure derived from smoking and helps alleviate withdrawal symptoms.
Combination Therapy: The simultaneous use of different forms of NRT to enhance effectiveness in managing withdrawal symptoms and cravings.
Withdrawal Symptoms: Physical and psychological symptoms experienced when an individual stops using nicotine, including irritability, anxiety, difficulty concentrating, and increased appetite.
Dopamine: A neurotransmitter in the brain associated with pleasure and reinforcement, which is affected by nicotine.
FDA: The Food and Drug Administration, the agency that approves NRT products and other smoking cessation aids for safety and effectiveness.
